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Discipline · in Language

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Grammar

sum rtags

The two treatises of Thonmi Sambhota, The Thirty and The Application of Signs, and the tradition of commentary that grew from them.

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Tibetan grammar is studied as sum rtags, a name made from the titles of the two surviving treatises: The Thirty, on the particles, and The Application of Signs, on the gender of letters and the rules by which prefixes, suffixes and roots may combine. The tradition of commentary runs from the fourteenth century to the present, with Situ Panchen’s great commentary of 1744 at its centre.

The pages here will present both treatises with their commentaries, the case particles and connectives, the verb and its forms, and the rules of letter combination that decide how a syllable may be spelled.